Discourse
on Downfall
(Parabhava Sutta) (1)
(Having
heard the discourse on Blessings (Mangala sutta, see
above) which deals with things that tend to man's weal and prosperity,
the deities thought to themselves: 'The Buddha has told us about
the blessings but not about the downfall and decline of man;
what if we were to approach the Buddha and question him about
the things that tend to downfall.' So the day after the teaching
of the Blessings by the Buddha, the deities came up to the Master
and asked these questions.
Thus have
I heard:
On one occasion
the Blessed One was living near Savatthi, at Jetavana, at Anathapindika's
monastery. Now when the night was far advanced, a certain deity,
whose surpassing radiance illuminated the whole of Jetavana,
came to the presence of the Blessed One, respectfully saluted
him, and stood beside him. Standing thus he addressed the Blessed
One in verse:
1. About
the declining man we question thee, Gotama. We have come to
ask the Blessed One: What is the cause of his downfall?
2. Easily
known is the progressive one, easily known is the declining
one. The lover of the Dhamma prospers. The hater of the Dhamma
declines.
3. We understand
this as explained (by thee); this is the first cause of his
downfall. Tell us the second, O Blessed One. What is the cause
of his downfall?
4. The vicious
are dear to him. He likes not the virtuous; he approves the
teachings of the ill-natured this is the cause of his
downfall.
5. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the second cause of his downfall.
Tell us the third, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his downfall?
6. The man
who is fond of sleep and company, inactive and lazy, and manifesting
anger this is the cause of his downfall.
7. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the third cause of his downfall.
Tell us the fourth, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his
downfall?
8. Whoever
being affluent, does not support his mother and father who are
old, and past their prime - this is the cause of his downfall.
9. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the fourth cause of his downfall.
Tell us the fifth, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his downfall?
10. Whoever
by falsehood deceives either a Brahmana, or a Samana
(a holy man), or any other mendicant this is the cause
of his downfall.
11. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the fifth cause of his downfall.
Tell us the six, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his downfall?
12. The
person who is possessed of much wealth, who has gold, and who
has an abundance of food, but enjoys his delicacies all by himself
this is the cause of his downfall.
13. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the sixth cause of his downfall.
Tell us the seventh, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his
downfall?
14. The
man who, proud of his birth, of his wealth, and of his clan,
despises his relations this is the cause of his downfall.
15. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the seventh cause of his
downfall. Tell us the eighth, O Blessed One. What is the cause
of his downfall?
16. The
man who is addicted to women (given to a life of debauchery),
is a drunkard, a gambler, and a squanderer of his earnings
this is the cause of his downfall.
17. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the eighth cause of his downfall.
Tell us the ninth, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his downfall?
18. Not
satisfied with one's own wives (2), he
is seen among the whores and the wives of others this
is the cause of his downfall.
19. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the ninth cause of his downfall.
Tell us the tenth, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his downfall?
20. A person
past his youth takes as wife, a girl in her teens, and sleeps
not being jealous of her (3) this
is the cause of his downfall.
21. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the tenth cause of his downfall.
Tell us the eleventh, O Blessed One. What is the cause of his
downfall?
22. He who
places in authority a woman given to drink and squandering,
or a man of similar nature this is the cause of his downfall.
23. We understand
this as explained by thee; this is the eleventh cause of his
downfall. Tell us the twelfth, O Blessed One. What is the cause
of his downfall?
24. He who
having but little possessions but great ambition (greed), is
of warrior birth and aspires selfishly to (an unattainable)
sovereignty this is the cause of his downfall.
25. Fully
realizing these (twelve) causes of downfall in the world, the
sage, endowed with ariyan insight, shares a realm of security
(Nibbana).
NOTES:
1. Sn.
p. 18.
2. Apparently during the Buddha's time, in Indian society, a
man could legally have more than one wife if he could maintain
them. Kings had harems. What was prohibited was illegal sexual
relations.
3. By reason of his anxiety as to whether she would long for
young men in preference to him.