a.
Dukkhasacca Pabba (Section on the Noble Truth of Dukkha) And
what, bhikkhus, is the Noble Truth of dukkha? Birth note93
is dukkha, ageing is also dukkha, death is also dukkha; sorrow, lamentation,
physical pain, mental pain and anguish are also dukkha; to have to associate
with those (persons or things) one dislikes is also dukkha; to be separated
from those one loves or likes is also dukkha; wishing for what one cannot
get is also dukkha; in short, the five aggregates of clinging are dukkha.note94 And
what, bhikkhus, is birth (jati)? The birth, the being born, the origination,
the conception, the springing into existence, the manifestation of the
aggregates, and the acquisition of the sense-bases of beings in this
or that class of beings - this, bhikkhus, is called birth. And
what, bhikkhus, is ageing (jara)? It is the ageing, the getting frail,
the loss of teeth, the greying of hair, the wrinkling of skin; the failing
of the vital force, the wearing out of the sense faculties of beings
in this or that class of beings - this, bhikkhus, is called ageing. And
what, bhikkhus, is death (marana)? The departing and vanishing, the
destruction, the disappearance, the death, the completion of the life
span, the dissolution of the aggregates (khandha), the discarding of
the body, and the destruction of the physical life-force of beings in
this or that class of beings - this, bhikkhus, is called death. And
what, bhikkhus, is sorrow (soka)?note95
The sorrow, the act of sorrowing, the sorrowful state of mind, the inward
sorrow and the inward overpowering sorrow that arise because of this
or that loss (of relatives, or possessions) or this or that painful
state that one experiences - this, bhikkhus, is called sorrow. And
what, bhikkhus is lamentation (parideva)? The crying and lamenting,
the act of crying and lamenting, and the state of crying and lamentation
that arises because of this or that loss (of relatives, or possessions)
or this or that painful state that one experiences - this bhikkhus,
is called lamentation. And
what, bhikkhus, is physical pain (dukkha)? The bodily pain and bodily
unpleasantness, the painful and unpleasant feeling produced by bodily
contact - this, bhikkhus, is called physical pain. And
what, bhikkhus, is mental pain (domanassa)? The pain in the mind and
the unpleasantness in the mind, the painful and unpleasant feeling produced
by mental contact - this, bhikkhus, is called mental pain. And
what, bhikkhus, is anguish (upayasa)? The distress and anguish and the
state of distress and anguish that arises because of this or that loss
(of relatives, or possessions) or this or that painful state that one
experiences - this, bhikkhus, is called anguish. And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of having to associate with those (persons
or things) one dislikes (appiyehi sampayogo dukkho)? Having
to meet, remain with, be in close contact, or intermingle, with sights,
sounds, odours, tastes, tactile objects, and dhammas in this world which
are undesirable, unpleasant or unenjoyable, or with those who desire
one's disadvantage, loss, discomfort, or association with danger - this,
bhikkhus, is called the dukkha of having to associate with those (persons
or things) one dislikes. And,
bhikkhus, what is the dukkha of being separated from those one loves
or likes (piyehi vippayogo dukkho)? Not being able to meet, remain with,
be in close contact, or intermingle, with sights, sounds, odours, tastes,
tactile objects, and dhammas in this world which are desirable, pleasant
or enjoyable, or with mother or father or brothers or sisters or friends
or companions or maternal and paternal relatives who desire one's advantage,
benefit, comfort or freedom from danger - this, bhikkhus, is called
the dukkha of being separated from those one loves or likes. And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get? Bhikkhus,
in beings subject to birth and rebirth the wish arises: "Oh that
we were not subject to birth and rebirth! Oh that birth and rebirth
would not happen to us!" But this cannot happen by merely wishing.
This is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get. Bhikkhus, in
beings subject to ageing the wish arises: "Oh that we were not
subject to ageing! Oh that ageing would not happen to us! " But
this cannot happen merely by wishing. This also is the dukkha of wishing
for what one cannot get. Bhikkhus, in beings subject to illness the
wish arises: "Oh that we were not subject to illness! Oh that illness
would not happen to us!" But this cannot happen merely by wishing.
This also is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get. Bhikkhus,
in beings subject to death the wish arises: "Oh that we were not
subject to death! Oh that death would not happen to us!", But this
cannot happen merely by wishing. This also is the dukkha of wishing
for what one cannot get. Bhikkhus, in beings subject to sorrow, lamentation,
physical pain, mental pain and anguish the wish arises: "Oh that
we were not subject to sorrow, lamentation, physical pain, mental pain
and anguish! Oh that sorrow, lamentation, physical pain, mental pain,
and anguish would not happen to us!" But this cannot happen merely
by wishing. This also is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get.note96 And
what, bhikkhus, is (meant by) "In short, the five aggregates of
clinging are dukkha"? They are the aggregate of corporeality, the
aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of
mental formations, and the aggregate of consciousness. These, bhikkhus,
are what is meant by "In short, the five aggregates of clinging
are dukkha.'' Bhikkhus,
this is called the Noble Truth of dukkha |